GPI Prototype is a service provider of Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), the latest technology in rapid prototype and direct digital manufacturing services. As one of the first DMLS service providers in the country, GPI produces metal parts for applications ranging from prototypes to production tools. DMLS technology is ideal for a variety of applications including the creation of conformal cooling channels within tools and tooling inserts, as well as customized medical implants.

Utilizing the DMLS process, metal parts of the most complex geometries are built layer-by-layer (down to 20 microns) directly from 3D CAD data, automatically, without tooling. The parts have excellent mechanical properties, high detail resolution and exceptional surface quality. The metal powder is melted entirely to create a fully dense, fine, homogenous structure. Unique geometric freedom of design enables DMLS to form cavities and undercuts which, with conventional methods, can only be produced with great difficulty, if at all.

Additionally, when a part needs to be tested and re-designed over and over, the lead time for receiving a traditionally tooled part can create a large bottleneck in the final production process. DMLS produces parts that are extremely high quality, and can be built in a matter of hours or days rather than weeks. This ability to generate functional metal prototypes in short order radically impacts design processes, accelerating design cycles with time to market by creating the opportunity for multiple redesigns and builds.

Depending on size and geometries, in some cases the turnaround time for a part can be as little as a few hours. Furthermore, these parts can undergo functional testing in the environment for which they were designed. This technology delivers unlimited potential for engineers to create previously impossible solutions, embracing a new era of design-driven manufacturing.

MARKETS SERVED

• Rapid Tooling
• Aerospace
• Medical & Dental
• Automotive and Antique Automotive
• Jewelry and Art
• Custom Automation
• Architecture
• Pharmaceutical
• Health and Beauty
• Food and Beverage
• Packaging
• And well pretty much anything that can fit in the machine!

AVAILABLE METAL MATERIALS: Click on the material type to view a data sheet.

ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION: Click on the link to view PDF.

• Conformal Cooling PDF
• EOS M270 PDF
• Mechanical Test Data PDF

FINISHING/POLISHING (SURFACE ROUGHNESS) FOR DMLS - Direct Metal Laser Sintering

Parts “as built” off DMLS machines have a “raw” finish comparable to a fine investment cast, with a surface roughness of approximately 350 R _a- µ inch or R _a-µm 8.75, or a medium turned surface. This surface roughness can be improved all the way up to 1 R _a- µ inch or R _a-µm 0.025, qualifying as a super mirror finish. There are several processes available that can be used to achieve the desired surface roughness or finish. These processes include, but not limited to:

Abrasive Blast (Grit & Ceramic)
Abrasive blasting is the operation of forcibly propelling a stream of abrasive material (media) against a surface under high pressure to smooth a rough surface. Abrasive blasting services are included standard for all DMLS projects. If a “raw” DMLS part is desired, this should be noted at the time of the RFQ when addressing the desired surface roughness. Abrasive blasting with grit and ceramic media provides a satin, matte finish of approximately 150 R _a- µ inch or R _a-µm 24. This finish is largely uniform, but does not provide a 100% uniform finish.

Shot Peen
Shot peening is a process used to produce a compressive residual stress layer and modify mechanical properties of metals. It entails the use of media to impact a surface with sufficient force to create plastic deformation. It is similar to blasting, except that it operates by the mechanism of plasticity rather than abrasion. Peening a surface spreads it plastically, causing changes in the mechanical properties of the surface. Depending on the part geometry, part material, shot material, shot quality, shot intensity, and shot coverage, shot peening can increase fatigue life from 0–1000%. Shot peening is used primarily for foundries for deburring or descaling surfaces in preparation for additional post-processing.

Electrochemical Polishing
Electrochemical polishing also referred to as electro polishing, is an electrochemical process that removes material from metal parts through polishing, passivation, and deburring. It is often described as the reverse of electroplating; differing from anodizing in that the purpose of anodizing is to grow a thick, protective oxide layer on the surface of a material rather than polish. The process may be used in lieu of abrasive fine polishing in micro structural preparation, and is an inexpensive option for DMLS projects that are not tolerance dependent, creating a bright uniform finish. The extent to which electro polishing is successful depends upon the degree of preparation of the treated surfaces.

Abrasive Flow Machining (Extrude Hone) Polishing
Abrasive flow machining (AFM), also known as extrude honing is a method of smoothing and polishing internal surfaces and producing controlled radii. A one-way or two-way flow of an abrasive media is extruded through a workpiece, smoothing and finishing rough surfaces. One-way systems flow the media through the workpiece, then it exits from the part. In two-way flow, two vertically opposed cylinders flow the abrasive media back and forth. The process is particularly useful for difficult to reach internal passages, bends, cavities, and edges. This is an inexpensive option for DMLS projects that are not tolerance dependent, and a more uniform surface roughness. The extent to which AFM is successful depends upon the degree of preparation of the treated surfaces.

Electroplating
Electroplating is a process that uses electrical current to reduce ions of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of the metal material. Electroplating is primarily used for depositing a layer of metal to bestow a desired property (e.g., abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.). Another application uses electroplating to build up thickness on undersized parts. Plating is also an inexpensive method of improving surface roughness, with the reduction in roughness once again hinging upon the degree to which surface are treated prior to plating. DMLS parts can also be plated in their raw state, and then finished in combination with another method.

Optical Polish (Hand Finishing)
When projects have geometries in low quantities that are not tolerance dependent, the best finishing option is an optical polish. Optical polishes are extremely cost effective, and the best way to achieve a brilliant finish. Due to surface porosity of DMLS metals, .003” to .010” of surface material is removed depending upon geometry. If this option is desired, it is imperative that designers or engineers consult with GPI prior to building, as specific surfaces may need to be offset with additional material to ensure part integrity after post-processing. Optical polishing is not ideal for large batches as it lends itself to an inconsistent finish from part to part.

Micro Machining Process (MMP)
Micro Machining Process (MMP) is a mechanical-physical-chemical surface treatment applied to items placed inside a treatment tank, providing highly accurate selective surface finishes. The desired surface finish is obtained by using MMP only on those areas where that particular finish is required. MMP begins with a detailed analysis of the surface state of the item to be treated, establishing the processing parameters required to meet the customer’s objectives. MMP can finely distinguish and selectively apply different primary roughness, secondary roughness and waviness profiles to surfaces. MMP is a batch process that is quite expensive, with costs ranging from $500 to $1000 for sample finish testing. After acceptable samples have been provided, costs for batch runs start at approximately $3000. This process has selective application, and is ideal for projects requiring precision tolerance finishing to a large number of parts, as well as parts with internal passages that cannot be reached by an alternate method.

CNC Finishing/Machining

CNC finishing permits high quality contoured milling applications to achieve tight tolerances. Detail-oriented precision can be accomplished with 3-axis, 5-axis and 6-axis CNC lathes. Conventional fixed headstock and Swiss-style CNC lathes can be utilized to support complex operations such as cross drilling and cross tapping, cross milling and slotting, C-axis milling and off-center work. Proper fixturing can yield tolerances as tight as 1 micron or (.00004). Should this post processing option be desired, pre-build planning is required to add sufficient material to machined features and surfaces so that tolerances can be met.

For Finishing Options Adobe PDF Format for DMLS - Direct Metal Laser Sintering Please Click Here